====== Backhaul Network Pricing ======


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===== Netherlands =====

In March of 2019, the Dutch regulator [[https://www.capacitymedia.com/Articles/3823393 | compelled Vodafone]] to publish its wholesale access rates or face a one million Euro fine.

===== Botswana =====

The regulator in Botswana (BOCRA) publishes a [[https://www.bocra.org.bw/sites/default/files/documents/Telecommunications%20and%20ICT%20Prices.pdf|public rate card]] for access to the national fibre optic backbone. Granted this is a state-owned network which removes the complication of negotiating with the private sector but even if we just succeeded with state-owned networks, this would be a big leap forward. 

===== West Africa UEMOA =====


In West Africa thanks to a directive in 2006 from UEMOA, the West African regional economic community established a practice of publishing backhaul and interconnection pricing.

===== Malaysia =====

https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/malaysias-need-speed-how-regulatory-action-unleashing-ultrafast-internet